108年日本實習-建築系 張同學

活動名稱:株式會社藤本工務店短期實習

活動時間2019  1  17 日至 2019 年 2  17 
活動地點株式會社藤本工務店

一、 報告內容(中文)

       現今,木造建築因為被認為是環境友善建材再度被重視,並不斷開發新技術,從早期2X4工法發展至今日成熟的CLT材料技術。然而傳統的木構造建築物靠精準的榫接可以屹立數百年之久,不論傳統民居、寺廟或神社,華麗的雕飾與平衡的比例不會隨時間而退流行。在學習最新的技術之前,我也期望能了解傳統上,木匠(大工)對於木材的態度與利用。藤本工務店雖然是非常小型的公司,卻有向世界推廣傳統木造美學的決心,因此在2019年寒假,我在藤本工務店實習。
       在日本工作並不輕鬆,實習內容也並不浪漫。絕大部分的時間我並沒有參與施工,其實只有簡單的幫忙與清掃。藤本工務店有兩個工地,位於東京都北區的內裝改造以及神奈川縣鎌倉市的新建案,然而都已經進入內部裝潢階段,我看到建築物的構造骨架漸漸被包覆,變成平常所看到的樣子。能夠了解結構與內裝如何形成一體,我想這是一個非常難得的過程。舉例來說:在結構完成後為了防火必須釘上一公分厚的石膏板,而為了釘上石膏板又需要許多細長的木條作為支撐。最後小心的貼上壁紙、踢腳板。這些動作需要非常小心,稍有碰撞就會有明顯的刮痕。
       木材在組裝之前都需要進行加工、校正。在加工廠,我們將木材頭尾切除,避免砂石傷害到機器。之後將木材送進刨床(かんな盤)使得表面平整。最後利用手刨刀(かんな)使銳利的邊緣滑順(面取り)。使用木材必須對木材的特性有相當了解,舉例來說:若要將木材作為柱子,就必須和樹的生長方向上下一致。日本杉木越靠近樹心且越靠近根部,就越呈現紅色,以此分辨方向。
       有時候我會有自己的學習專案,我有機會在師傅的指導下學習使用手鋸(手のこ)以及鑿刀(のみ)來完成傳統的榫接(継手),這些成品雖然不完美卻是難得的機會。最後我製作的一個較大型的專案是工作用木架(うま),雖然只有使用少量的材料,但是木材相接部分(仕口)與真實建築時所使用的工法無異。
       我在假日前往各地深度旅遊。鎌倉地區是一個非常古老的區域,寺廟遍布,我參訪了不少重要且歷史將近400年以上的寺廟,如:長谷寺、妙法寺、安國論寺、以及高德院,而這些佛寺多與日本佛教中重要的日蓮法師有關。鎌倉市鶴岡八幡宮是日本八幡信仰重要的神社之一,格局從山腰向海濱形成一直線軸線,是鎌倉市中心的骨架,也是信仰與觀光的重心。以及小田原市的小田原城,在日本的歷史上非常重要,因為它是日本戰國時代最後一個被擊敗的城郭。豐臣秀吉為了攻打這座非常堅固的城堡,在三公里外的山頭建造了石垣山城並且包圍小田原城,是一個精彩的歷史事件。
       雖然只有短暫的一個月,日本人嚴謹的態度使我印象深刻,也意外學到許多木工技巧。即使將來我不會成為日本大工,所學到的知識也會幫助我一輩子,我如此相信著。

二、 報告內容(英文)


           From Platform Wood Fa rme Construction to CLT,Nowadays, wooden buildings are once again valued because they are considered to be environmentally friendly building materials, and new technologies are constantly being developed. However, traditional wooden structures can stand for hundreds of years by precise connection. Even traditional dwellings, temples or shrines has gorgeous carvings and balances proportion still appreciated. Before learning the latest technology, I also hope to understand the attitude and the way of using wood by traditional carpenters (大工daiku). Fujimoto Traditional Carpentry (FTC) is a small company, bot it has the determination to promote the traditional wood aesthetics to the world.So I was intern at FCT in 2019 winter vacation.



           Working in Japan is not easy, and the internship content is not romantic. I have not participated in the construction for most of the time. In fact, there is only ordinary help and cleaning. FCT has two construction sites, the interior reform in the North ,Tokyo, and the new case in Kamakura , Kanagawa.However, both are being decorated internally. The structure of the building is covered with material and becomes what we usually see. I think it is very rare to participate in this process. For example, a one-centimeter thick plasterboard must be nailed for fire protection, and many elongated wooden strips are required to support the plasterboard.Finally, carefully attach the wallpaper and skirting board. These actions need to be very careful, and a slight collision can cause significant scratches.

           Wood needs to be processed before assembly. In the workshop, we cut off the front and back of the wood to avoid sand and stone damage to the machine. We use the wood planing machine to level the
surface of the wood. Finally, use the Japanese hand planer (かんなkanna) to make the sharp edges smooth (面取りmentori).The use of wood must have a good understanding of the properties of wood. For
example, if wood is to be used as a column, it must be consistent with the growth direction of the tree. In the case of Japanese fir(杉sugi), the closer to the center of the tree and the closer to the root, the more red
it is to distinguish the direction.

           Sometimes I have my own study project, and under the guidance of the master, I use a hand saw(手のこtenoko) and a chisel (のみnomi )to complete the traditional connection(継手tuzute).These finished products are not perfect, but they are rare opportunities. In the end, a larger project I made was a wooden frame for work(うまuma). Although only a small amount of material was used, the wood joints (仕口shiguchi)were the same as those used in real buildings.

           I traveled to Kamakura on holidays, because Kamakura has a long history and there are many temples. Most of these temples are more than 400 years old like Hase Temple, Myojoji, Anokokuji, Takonoin . And these Buddhist temples are related to Nichiren who are an important person in Japanese Buddhism. Tsuruoka Hachimangu Shrine is located in the center of Kamakura and is also the center of faith and sightseeing. The pattern forms a straight line from the mountainside to the seashore. Odawara Castle in Odawara City is very important in the history of Japan because it was the last defeated castle in the Warring States Period. In order to attack this very strong castle, Toyotomi Hideyoshi built Ishigakiyama Castle on the hill at three kilometers away and surrounded Odawara Castle, which is a wonderful historicalevent.

           Although only a short month, the Japanese's rigorous attitude impressed me, and unexpectedly learned a lot of carpentry skills. Maybe I won’t be a Japanese carpenter in the future, I believe that the knowledge I have learned will help me forever.

三、 活動照片

interior reform in the North ,Tokyo

new case in Kamakura , Kanagawa

In the workshop

Make a wooden frame for work(うまuma)

Tsuruoka Hachimangu Shrine

Hase Temple

With all employees of FCT and customer's family

留言